Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Krøyer) in Spanish Bottom Trawl Survey 2004 and 2005 in NAFO Divisions 3LNO

The results of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) obtained from the Spanish bottom trawl surveys in the NAFO Regulatory Area (Divisions 3NO) in spring-summer 2004 and 2005, carried out by the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (Spanish Oceanographic Institute, Vigo Centre), are presented and compared with those from previous surveys from the same series. The catches 550 and 368 kg obtained in 2004 and 2005, respectively, confirmed the increase of shrimp importance in the last years in the Div. 3NO with an estimated biomass by swept area method around 2000 tons. Catch results from the surveys and data analysis are discussed in this paper

Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Krøyer) from Spanish Bottom Trawl Survey 2006 in NAFO Divisions 3LNO

The Spanish Institute of Oceanography carried out in 2006 two bottom trawl surveys in the NAFO Regulatory Area in Division 3NO and 3L during the months of June and August respectively. The results on northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) are presented and compared with those from previous surveys from the same series. While the catch (278 kg.) and estimated biomass (1300 tons.) confirm the decrease of shrimp importance from 2002 in 3NO, 3L showed since the beginning of the new survey in 2003 a constant and significant increase from 104551 tons. in 2003 to 215389 tons. in 2006. Catch results from the surveys and data analysis are discussed in this paper

Fungal growth inhibitory properties of new phytosphingolipid analogues

7 pages, 5 figures.-- PMID: 18005346 [PubMed][Aims] To study the growth inhibitory properties of a series of phytosphingosine (PHS) and phytoceramide (PHC) analogues.[Methods and Results] A panel of two yeast (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and six moulds (Aspergillus repens, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Arthroderma uncinatum and Penicillium funiculosum) has been used in this study. A series of new PHS and PHC analogues differing at the sphingoid backbone and the functional group at C1 position were synthesized.[Conclusions] Among PHS analogues, 1-azido derivative 1c, bearing the natural d-ribo stereochemistry, showed a promising growth inhibitory profile. Among PHC analogues, compound 12, with a bulky N-pivaloyl group and a Z double bond at C3 position of the sphingoid chain, was the most active growth inhibitor. Minimal inhibitory concentration values were in the range of 23–48 μmol l-1 for 1c and 44–87 μmol l-1 for 12.[Significance and Impact of the Study] Only scattered data on the antifungal activity of phytosphingolipids have been reported in the literature. This is the first time that a series of analogues of this kind are tested and compared to discern their structural requirements for antifungal activity.Partial financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Spain; Projects CTQ2005-00175/BQU and CTQ1004-0771-C02-01/PPQ), Fondos Feder (EU), DURSI (Generalitat de Catalunya: Project 2005SGR01063 and 2005GR00143) is acknowledged. D.M. is grateful to Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Spain) for a predoctoral fellowship.Peer reviewe

New aminocyclitols as modulators of glucosylceramide metabolism

7 pages, 3 figures, 4 schemes, 1 table.-- PMID: 15785807 [PubMed].-- Printed version published Mar 2005.A series of 13 aminocyclitol derivatives belonging to two different families is described. Their configuration is governed by the regio- and stereocontrolled epoxide opening of a suitably protected conduritol-B epoxide. Studies on several glycosyl processing enzymes indicate that some of them are good inhibitors of glucosylceramide hydrolase. A rationale to account for preliminary structure–activity relationships is providedFinancial support from Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Spain), Project BQU2002-03737 and DURSI (Generalitat de Catalunya), Projects 2001SGR00085 and 2001SGR00342 is acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Chemical approaches to sphingolipid research

Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/6743

Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Krøyer) from Spanish Bottom Trawl Survey 2008 in NAFO Div. 3LNO

The Spanish Institute of Oceanography carried out in 2008 two bottom trawl surveys in the NAFO Regulatory Area in Division 3NO and 3L during the months of June, July and August respectively. The results on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) are presented and compared with those from previous surveys from the same series. In 2008 the catch (24.2 kg) and estimated biomass (143.8 t) confirm the decrease of shrimp importance from 2004 in 3NO. In 3L Division, northern shrimp indices show a general increasing trend a long the whole period. Estimated biomass increased from 2003-2006; then, the values of these indices declined in 2007 (about 10%) and increased again in 2008 (149 265 t). Catch results from the surveys and data analysis are discussed in this paper

Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) on Flemish Cap Surveys 2005

Since 1988, a stratified random summer bottom trawl survey are being carried out in Flemish Cap (NAFO Regulatory Area of Division 3M) by UE. From 2003 the traditional research vessel Cornide de Saavedra was replaced by the R/V Vizconde de Eza. The new vessel was calibrated and the indexes transformed. In 2004 year, the lack of time has not permitted to transform the biomass and abundance shrimp indexes of the whole series and only the 2003 and 2004 indexes from the R/V Vizconde de Eza were transformed to the R/V Cornide de Saavedra scale. In this paper, the series from 1988 to 2002 obtained with the R/V Cornide the Saavedra were transformed to make them comparable to the results obtained with the new vessel R/V Vizconde de Eza. The results of shrimp from the last survey on Flemish Cap in 2005 are presented and compared to those from previous years of the same series. Both biomass and abundance have increased significantly due to increasing of 3 age-class. The female biomass decreased, mainly due to declining of 5 and 6 year-classes. Also, in recent years (2004 and 2005) the youngest specimens (age 1) didn't appear in the catches, and they were only presents in the small size bag on the codend

pH‐dependent chloride transport by pseudopeptidic cages for the selective killing of cancer cells in acidic microenvironments

Acidic microenvironments in solid tumors are a hallmark of cancer. Inspired by that, we designed a family of pseudopeptidic cage‐like anionophores displaying pH‐dependent activity. When protonated, they efficiently bind chloride anions. They also transport chloride through lipid bilayers, with their anionophoric properties improving at acidic pH, suggesting an H+/Cl− symport mechanism. NMR studies in DPC micelles demonstrate that the cages bind chloride within the lipid phase. The chloride affinity and the chloride‐exchange rate with the aqueous bulk solution are improved when the pH is lowered. This increases cytotoxicity towards lung adenocarcinoma cells at the pH of the microenvironment of a solid tumor. These properties depend on the nature of the amino‐acid side chains of the cages, which modulate their lipophilicity and interactions with the cell membrane. This paves the way towards using pH as a parameter to control the selectivity of cytotoxic ionophores as anticancer drugs.MCIU/AEI/FEDER. Grant Number: RTI2018-096182-B-I00 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca. Grant Number: 2017 SGR 208 Junta de Castilla y León. Grant Number: BU092U16 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Grant Number: BES-2016-07686

3-Ketosphinganine provokes the accumulation of dihydroshingolipids and induces autophagy in cancer cells.

Although several reports describe the metabolic fate of sphingoid bases and their analogs, as well as their action and that of their phosphates as regulators of sphingolipid metabolizing-enzymes, similar studies for 3-ketosphinganine (KSa), the product of the first committed step in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, have not been reported. In this article we show that 3-ketosphinganine (KSa) and its dideuterated analog at C4 (d2KSa) are metabolized to produce high levels of dihydrosphingolipids in HGC27, T98G and U87MG cancer cells. In contrast, either direct C1 O-phosphorylation or N-acylation of d2KSa to produce dideuterated ketodihydrosphingolipids does not occur. We also show that cells respond to d2KSa treatment with induction of autophagy. Time-course experiments agree with sphinganine, sphinganine 1-phosphate and dihydroceramides being the mediators of autophagy stimulated by d2KSa. Enzyme inhibition studies support that inhibition of Des1 by 3-ketobases is caused by their dihydroceramide metabolites. However, this effect contributes to increasing dihydrosphingolipid levels only at short incubation times, since cells respond to long time exposure to 3-ketobases with Des1 overexpression. The translation of these overall effects into cell fate is discussed.Partial financial support from the ‘‘Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación’’, Spain (Grants SAF2011-22444), ‘‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad’’ (CTQ2014-54743-R), CSIC (Grant PIE 2008801034) and Fundacio´ La Marato´ TV3 (Grant 112130 and 112132) is acknowledged. A PhD fellowship from SENESCYTEcuador to Y. F. O. is also acknowledged. We thank Pedro Rayo for his excellent technical assistance.Peer reviewe